Here is the index of articles analysing the recent Tribunal judgment dealing with contempt involving three articles on this blog.
Below the index, is a summary of the analysis
In good faith: articles, statements in support
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Judgment Analysis
1. On a third party's right to initiate proceedings long after publication
2. On the 'settled history' of the 1971 war dead (first article)
3. On 'scurrilous' analysis, in absentia trials (second article)
4. On 'adjudicators or truth' and 'mantras', numbers of 1971 deaths (3rd article)
5. On 'unholy alliances' and 'mouthpieces', the tribunal's view of me
6. On alleged perversity, slander and the 1971 war
7. On 'swinish whites-skinned judges', “pigs”, and “judicial scumbags'
8. On attempt to censorship on 'settled history'
The full judgement can be accessed here
It should be noted, at para 44 of this judgement, the Tribunal explicitly states that
'We always welcome post-verdict criticism', and and at para 73, '
We of course do not disagree that even post judgment criticisms is permissible,' so I make those comments in that context.
Below is a summary of the key points made in the analysis set out out in the 8 articles listed above
Maintainability
The judgment did not refer or engage with a number of our arguments made in court about why the case should not proceed. These arguments were:
- direct
parties of the tribunal, including the head of the investigation agency
and senior prosecutors, had been made aware of the articles immediately
on publication, but did not take any action, and therefore it was
inappropriate for a third party, years later to initiate action against
the articles.
- A Delhi High court case (the only case in South Asia dealing with this point) held that the date of publication of text on the internet, is the date that the article was first published on the internet, and not the date when a person first accesses the article. So time started over two years ago for the first article, and over one year fro the other two articles.
- there is no legal
precedent in Bangladesh or in any other common law jurisdiction for such
proceedings involving alleged 'scandalization of a court' to take place a
year/two years after publication of an article.
- that the International Crimes (Tribunal)
Act 1973 does not permit third parties to make an application or initiate
prosecutions, and in fact only permits the investigation
agency/prosecutors to do so.
In relation to all three articles
The judgement did not find a single fact or legal point of analysis written in these articles to be inaccurate. It is very unusual for there to be a conviction for contempt, involving alleged 'scandalisation of the court', where no factual or legal inaccuracy is found by the court.
On the 1st and 3rd articles about 1971 numbers
The judgement states that it is "settled to the nation that 3 millions
of people" died, but it does not set out any evidential or research
support for that conclusion. And since the judgement does acknowledge that
there is 'differing information' on the subject, it is not clear from the judgement how the court came to the conclusion that it can be a 'settled' historical matter. Moreover, the tribunal was dealing
with a criminal case of contempt, and not making an assessment of what is and what is not a "settled matter" of history.
The judgement does not set out its grounds for claiming that these articles have fanned 'the flame of grave disgrace in the mind of the nation', 'has obviously caused severe hurt to the emotion of the nation', 'disgraces and demeans nation’s wishes and holy emotion', and 'has been gravely disrespectful to the nation'.
It is unclear how the judges have
assessed or read the sentiments of the nation in this way, and how
someone/everyone reading the blog would feel these things.
On the first article about 1971 numbers
Whilst the proceedings in this tribunal were on-going (in that the article was commenting on an indictment) and were technically 'sub judice', the Tribunal itself states in the judgement that a person 'is not
debarred in initiating discussion on a matter which may be fairly
regarded as a matter of public interest'. Moreover, the matter that was being discussed had no relevance at all to the issues before the court. And case law clearly shows that commenting on sub judice matters is only a matter of concern if it 'substantially interfered' with the due course of justice.
In relation to the 3rd articles, on 1971 numbers
It is difficult to see how the
particular wording in this article (and in particular the word "mantra" which the court focused on) can be described as 'obnoxious',
'scurrilous', 'extremely impolite', 'derogatory, unfounded' or that it
suggests a 'malignant' attitude and mindset, was done 'malicious[ly]', done 'consciously to malign and scandalize' the Tribunals, was 'gravely
contemptible', 'extremely disrespectful' and involved my 'vomit[ing] of ill-intent'
In relation to the second article about 'in absentia' proceedings
The judgement claims that I "question the validity
of holding trial in absentia". However, that is not the
case - the article only questions the Tribunal's reasoning about why in absentia trials in Bangladesh complies with international standards.
The judgement says that 'We always welcome post-verdict
criticism' but then terms, without any clear basis, the mild criticism in this article (which had suggested that the judgment's explanation was 'misleading') as a "futile attempt
intending to identify the ‘ignorance of the Tribunal’ by blatantly
discarding its authority", "questions the authority and jurisdiction
of the Tribunal" and "it clearly intended to lower down and demean
Tribunal’s authority and ability, and "tends to shake the public
confidence upon the judicial machinery."
Whatever view one has of the word 'misleading', it is difficult to see how it can be termed
'scurrilous' or 'scandalous', particularly when one of the dictionary definitions of the word, 'misleading' is simply 'inaccurate'.
Descriptions of me
There is simply no evidence put before the Tribunal by the applicant, or set out in the judgement by the Tribunal, or indeed that exists at all, that support the Tribunal's claims that:
- an "unholy organised domestic and international attempt
to question the judicial process of the Tribunal" has been established and that I have simply endorsed such ‘organised’ ill and futile endeavor", or that
- I have "acted as a mere ‘mouthpiece’ of the quarters engaged in the act
of organised undesirable campaign, by circulating unfair, unreasonable
and scandalising ‘criticism’.
- that I am "lewd" (which means 'crude and offensive in a sexual way')
On my view on the 1971 war
There is no basis to the Tribunal's claims that the introduction of another article I wrote in 2012 (not subject to this contempt action, but referred to in the judgement) shows that I am "distorting settled history" have a "perverse
view" which reflect a "malicious
intent" which has "demeaned the nation's pride" and was "unfounded,
purposeful and prejudicial" and was "slanderous to the glorious history"
of the war of Independence, and showed an "unholy and purposeful
tendency and mind set to demean and malign not
only the trial process in the Tribunal but also the ‘magnificent war of
liberation" and has shown "patent disrespect to our ‘proclamation of
independence."
It should be noted that in discussing this article published for the International Crimes Tribune, an independent journal, the judgement blames me for the title for which I had no responsibility and also, and seems to imply that the title refers to one thing when it refers to something else. In addition, its analysis misquotes the article .
The law of contempt
The Judgement refers to a single case where descriptive 'words' have been considered contempt of court. In this case the article quoted by the court described judges as “swinish whites-skinned judges”, “pigs”, and
“judicial scumbags and evil remnants of the British Hong Kong
government." There is no wording used in the three articles before this current Tribunal that come anywhere close to this kind of abuse.
The Judgement does not refer at all to the legal cases - that
we pointed out in our arguments before the court - which involved particular critical statements where the court held that there was no contempt of court. We had argued that if these criticisms were not considered contempt, then neither could the criticisms in these three articles.
So none of the following wording considered to be in contempt of court:
- 'blindness of judges';
- the 'unrealistic, contradictory and, in the leading case, erroneous, decisions of the courts',
- 'Everyone, it seems, is out of step, except the courts';
- '[courts should remember that] silence is an option';
- 'We must teach [the judge] a lesson, in this country, and expose him for what he is';
- 'The [judge's] report is being used to destroy me';
- 'the Supreme Court [is] composed of the element from the elite class had their unconcealed sympathy for the haves';
-
'the court is as if a safe shelter for the corrupt of accused persons';
and
- 'the court who grants bail should be held responsible.';
If the publications and
utterances referred to above are not considered in contempt, then the
statements I made in the three articles which are much more restrained in
character, cannot be regarded as in contempt.
Censorship on settled history
The judgement states that "Any one including the contemnor is thus
obliged to keep the above observations made by our Apex court on
'settled history' in future." However, with respect, whatever the appellate
division may or may not have said
about the numbers of those who died in 1971 (without looking at the
research on the matter) or indeed on any other
aspect of the 1971 war - does not make it unquestionable. And the
appellate division certainly did not make that assertion in its
judgment. In addition article 39 (1) of the
Bangladesh constitution guarantees, 'Freedom of thought and conscience' and does provide any reservation
